Project Team

Prof. Timothy Tyrrell
University of Rhode Island-Env. Nat'l Res. Economics
Kingston-Coastal Institute Bldg.
Kingston, RI  02881
401-874-4580
tim@uri.edu
PI

External Project Contact

Dr. Chris Anderson
University of Rhode Island-Env. Nat'l Res. Economics
Kingston-Coastal Institute Bldg.
Kingston, RI  02881
401-874-4587


Project Objective

  1. Design a preliminary mathematical framework reflecting the major features of a TDM plan for the City of Newport
    This will express traffic volume (persons and vehicles) at different geographic points in the system (parking, transfer points, and tourist activity points) as functions of controllable policies (parking pricing, parking fines, transit service and vehicle restrictions) and traffic volumes at other points in the system.
  2. Inventory existing and planned transportation resources for the City
    Update the parking inventory, trolley and shuttle schedules and capacity, planned improvements, current pricing structures. This will provide the current levels of fixed and controllable features of the transportation system,
  3. Estimating the current usage of the system by different user groups
    Assembling and reconciling Traffic Counts at as many locations in the system as possible by time of day, day of week, season and location. This will give the basis for forecasts of changes to the system.
  4. Determine the responses of tourists, residents and commuters to changes in the price and service structures of the Newport transportation system. This objective involves determining the important transportation elasticities for each user group. These elasticity estimates will reflect the influence of parking and transit prices on trips taken and travel modes chosen at different points in the system. They will be the basis for forecasting changes in the transportation system resulting from price or other policy changes.

Project Orientation

Intermodal

Project Abstract

Newport Rhode Island is a major regional tourist destination with numerous attractions, 26,000 residents and 3-4 million visitors each year. Most tourists arrive by automobile. During peak visitor days, in the summer and on weekends in the spring and fall, traffic volumes overwhelm the capacity of the City's streets. Thus, managing traffic and alleviating traffic congestion is one of the City's priority issues.

The congestion problem is exacerbated by signage and the geography of Newport's roadways which requires users of nearly every attraction---the wharfs, the beaches, Fort Adams, the Mansions, Cliff Walk, the National Wildlife Refuge, the Tennis Hall of Fame---to pass through downtown and Thames St. On peak tourist days, the capacity of the city is severely limited by visitors' ability to park and move among attractions. Reducing congestion will increase the time they have to spend at attractions and in local businesses; make the experience of visiting more relaxing and pleasant; and attract additional visitors who were discouraged from visiting by capacity crowds and traffic congestion.

A new parking facility is proposed near the Pell Bridge ramps and a new water shuttle is proposed around the Harbor and to Fort Adams. These new facilities and services will be coordinated with the existing Visitor Center parking areas and trolleys to provide an integrated parking and transportation network that alleviates traffic congestion in Newport.

An integrated transportation pricing strategy is needed to encourage full use of all trolley and water shuttle transit services and parking facilities at the Gateway Visitor Center and Pell Bridge ramps and to reduce congestion and improve access to retail shops and other attractions

This project will undertake the initial steps toward creating the integrated pricing strategy. These will include 1) designing a framework for analyzing the controllable economic aspects of the transportation system, 2) conducting an inventory of the existing and planned transportation resources 3) estimating the current usage of the system by different user groups and 4) conducting surveys of the major groups (tourists, residents and commuters) to determine their responses to changes in the price and service structure of the transportation system.

Project Task

  1. A preliminary mathematical framework will be designed. This framework will characterize the transportation resources, measure traffic volume and be responsive to controllable policies. This task will set the stage for completion of the following task. The framework is described as preliminary since it will inevitably be modified as the other tasks are accomplished. It will serve as the basis for the design of an integrated model of the Newport transportation system, if a later project is undertaken.

    The framework will consist of a set of equations that will serve as our initial mathematical hypothesis about how the Newport transportation system works It is hoped that this system of equations can eventually be used to build a better mode split component for the TransCAD transportation model that is under development for the Aquidneck Island Planning Commission in partnership with RIDOT, Statewide Planning and Newport. This improved model would be able to better describe and monitor transportation in Newport. The framework will be constructed at URI.

  2. Inventory existing and planned transportation resources for the City. Much is already known about the parking spaces, lots, shuttle schedules and capacity, planned improvements, and current pricing structures. This task will be to assemble the available data in a dataset that supports the mathematical framework, to identify gaps in the data, and to collect or estimate data to fill those gaps. Much of the matching support for this project will be in the accomplishment of this task.
  3. Estimating the current usage of the system by different user groups.
    As with the transportation resource inventory, much data is already available about the current use of the system. This task will also involve assembling data and finding and filling gaps. The matching support for this project will also be involved in the accomplishment of this task.
  4. Determine the responses of tourists, residents and commuters. Price, transit service and other elasticities will be estimated by the application of econometric modeling techniques to data collected in surveys of the different user groups. Surveys will be conducted in the summer, when congestion is greatest. The focus will be on events and attractions that are most popular and times when specific new marketing strategies are being implemented. Sample sizes and a sampling frame will be designed based on the results of the first three objects. The intercept survey method will be used, with students conducting surveys under the supervision of URI principle investigators.

Project Milestones

July 1, 2002 Start: Framework Design, Inventory and Use Data collection begin
August 1, 2002 Surveys Begin
October 1, 2003 Data Analysis
February 1, 2003 Draft Report,
Research Proposal for Transportation Demand Strategy development.
March 1, 2003 Transportation Center Seminar on Study Results
June 30, 2003 End: Final Report

Total Budget

$123,835.87

Student Involvement

Undergraduate students will conduct surveys of travelers in Newport. Graduate students will coordinate surveys and analyze data collected.

Relationship to Other Projects

Dr. Tyrrell has been principal investigator for a variety of economic research studies of tourism in and around Newport including major surveys and analyses of the mansions (Preservations Society of Newport County), the Newport Yachting Center, Tennis Hall of Fame, and a citywide study of the economic impacts of tourism on the City. Dr. Anderson has conducted related price-searching behavior research.

The Foundation For Newport is facilitating partnerships between Newport's attractions, RIPTA and the City to encourage tourists to use trolleys and reduce traffic congestion. The Foundation's Harborfront Plan proposes water shuttles for transit around Newport's Harbor and a parking facility at the Pell Bridge ramps where tourists could park their cars. This project will demonstrate the need for, and benefit of, water shuttles and a new parking facility. It will also provide information that the partnerships can use to develop successful TDM initiatives for encouraging tourist use of trolleys, water shuttles and walking instead of automobile trips in Newport.

The Aquidneck Island Planning Commission in partnership with RIDOT, Statewide Planning and Newport has commissioned the Louis Berger Group (LBG) to develop a TransCAD transportation model for Aquidneck Island. This project will provide a basis for significantly improving the model's sensitivity to allocating mode split for tourists. The future proposal for development of an integrated transit and pricing model for the city will depend critically on the results of this study

Technology Transfer Activities

Many communities are facing the same congestion and parking problems for tourists as those experienced in Newport. [Providence, for example has established a circulator service called the Providence Link using small RIPTA buses that look like trolleys. The Tidewater Regional Transit District provides a fixed route service through the heart of Virginia Beach connecting the beachfront attractions to remote parking areas. Acadia National Park operates a free Island Exporer bus service, allowing visitors to leave their cars parked at hotels and campgrounds, removing an estimated 40,000 vehicles from the Park's road system.]

Many other communities have developed pricing strategies to reduce congestion. [To our knowledge very few communities have attempted to develop a transportation pricing policy as an integral part of an intermodal public transit and parking system. (The TravelSmart program in the city of Perth, Australia and the Sedona/Red Rock region in Northern Arizona are possible exceptions.) There are also few transportation models that provide a good mechanism for allocating trips to different transportation modes.] We expect that our modeling techniques to build on the existing gravity model for Newport and Aquidneck Island may be useful to others who are refining mode split formulas on other transportation models.

We expect that the framework and elasticity estimates we derive will be very useful to other communities in Rhode Island, New England and worldwide in developing their own integrated pricing policy to encourage transit use and alleviate traffic congestion.

Potential Project Benefits

It has been estimated that traffic congestion costs urban areas and resort communities approximately $100 billion annually in the U.S. Rodier and Johnston (1997) estimated that in the Sacramento Region, travel demand management could, depending on assumptions made, defer roadway projects 7 to 24 years, save in state and Federal agencies $100 to $223 million (1992$) in roadway construction costs. But these reflect only the transportation system savings and not the benefits to users of the system.

Implementation of an integrated transportation service and pricing strategy would be the foundation of a TDM program in Newport. This program will reduce traffic congestion and:


The sum of the reduced costs and these benefits is unknown at present but believe to be substantial.

Results from this study will enable Newport to better structure the schedules and costs of transit service (trolleys, ferries, water shuttles) and parking to make more efficient use of existing facilities. This study will also help Newport to demonstrate the need for, and benefits of, the proposed Harbor Shuttle, parking facility and additional intermodal hub by the Pell Bridge ramps. This study will also enable future refinement of the Aquidneck Island Planning Commission TransCAD transportation model so that it can better allocate mode split.

The City's interdepartmental Traffic Committee has recognized these benefits in a report to City Council for adoption early in 2002 that contains a short term goal for parking "Promote more efficient use of the Gateway Center parking lot." A note "Develop better pricing and marketing strategies" has accompanied this recommendation.

In additional to benefits to Newport, there will be benefits to URI's professional expertise in transportation research through the new efforts by Dr. Tyrrell and Dr. Anderson. Also, there will be benefits to URI students involved in the research. Finally, there will be long-term benefits to URI through the development of new long-term relationships with groups such as the Foundation for Newport and the City of Newport.

Project Keywords

Intermodal Transportation, Parking Pricing, Parking Management, Congestion Reduction, Tourism, Transportation Demand Management (TDM), Integrated Pricing Strategy, Transportation Modeling